Changes in Vertical Positioning Concepts

Learning Objectives

• Develop an understanding of the different types of heights and their relationship that are involved in computing GNSS-derived orthometric heights,
• Use NGS’s xGEOIDs to provide a preliminary view of the changes expected from the upcoming North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022),
• Understand how hybrid geoid models relate to geoid models and conversion surfaces,
• Learn the new procedures for performing leveling projects that will be incorporated into the new modernized 2022 NSRS,
• The geometric terrestrial frame will have a time-dependent component and so will the geopotential datum. Learn how to determine the dates of a Geometric Adjustment Window based on the policy in February 2021.